Washers are fastening elements. They are made of resilient metals. Typically, they come in numerous shapes, types, and sizes. Each type serves a unique purpose. For example, flat washers, help distribute a load of a fastener uniformly. Besides, it prevents the material from damaging through high pressure. These are used in wood, metal, and plastic applications for added stability.

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Likewise, spring washers increase the tension. Additionally, they help prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibrational forces. However, both types of washers are essential for creating durable and long-lasting assemblies. Let’s get into the details of the types of washers, sizes, and typical standards they adhere to.

What is a Washer?

A washer is a thin, flat disc. Primarily, it is used in mechanical assemblies and couplings. It is placed between a fastener like a bolt or nut, and the surface to prevent loosening. Depending on the applications, washers are made of various materials like steel, stainless steel, or plastic.

Technically, washers are employed to distribute the load of a fastener evenly over a larger area. So, it helps to reduce the risk of surface damage and provides a tight, and secure fit.

What Is the Purpose of a Washer?

Uniform Load Distribution

A washer assists in distributing the load applied on a fastener. It uniformly spreads the pressure over the material thus stopping damages from crowding themselves into a limited area. This way the connection is much more secure and stable as compared to a simple random connection.

Prevents Surface Damage

Different types of washers serve the purpose of absorbing the tension between the fastener and the surface. These shield the material of the assembly from being sacrificed, bent, or compressed by the fastener, which can be made of wood, metal, or plastic.

Prevents Loosening

Certain washers, such as spring washers, prevent fasteners from loosening. They apply tension to resist vibrations or movements that can cause the fastener to become loose over time. This keeps your assembly secure in high-vibration environments.

Improves Assembly Tightness

Washers provide an extra layer of support that enhances the tightness of a connection. With a washer in place, fasteners grip more securely, reducing the chances of bolts or nuts coming loose under pressure.

Increases Longevity

Washers help extend the lifespan of both fasteners and materials. They reduce wear and tear by minimizing friction and preventing direct contact between metal parts. This contributes to long-term durability, even under heavy usage or stress.

What Are The Different Types of Washers?

Let’s talk about different types of washers:

Flat Washers

Flat washers cannot be overemphasized in the machining and manufacturing settings. These prevent localized concentration of load at some channels which may lead to early failure. In this way, flat washers minimize the chances of harm to the outer surface and prospects of the material deformation. In addition to applications, these washers are predominantly used in the automotive, construction, and machinery sectors to add stability.

Spring Washers

Spring washers are also known as split washers. These make sure the fastener does not come loosened due to pressure exertion. Moreover, they supply pre-load that opposes vibration or force wanting to loosen the fastener. Spring washers are likely to have constant movement or vibrations to guard against loosening by fixing them with a snug grip.

Lock Washers

Lock washers are employed to improve resistance to turning. These washers comprise either internal or external teeth that bite into the surface so as not to loosen off. In manufacturing, lock washers are a necessity where high torque and vibration are expected. For instance; their use is common in most engines and large equipment assemblies.

Belleville Washers

Belleville washers are of conical shapes. They are also identified as disc springs. Because these provide a constant load and force over time. Their conical shape enables them to take load and deform in response to changes in load. These washers are generally used in cases where you need a consistent force like in automobiles’ suspensions, and industrial presses.

Fender Washers

Fender types of washers are relatively bigger than flat ones. These washers offer a greater outer diameter, which can provide a larger area to support the load. Hose washers can be used whenever there is a need to distribute pressure evenly on a soft material like sheet metal or plastic where the fastener may create pressure points. In manufacturing, you can see them in things such as electrical panels, or car bodying.

Sealing Washers

These washer accessories prevent leakage by compression between a washer and a surface, ordinarily rubber or silicone. These washers are used widely in processes that actively involve fluids; in plumbing systems, hydraulic machinery, and even in automotive engines.

Shoulder Washers

Shoulder washers are used to clean, position, and part spacing in an assembly line. They go around the fasteners and ensure two parts are correctly aligned, especially in electrical systems or mechanisms. In manufacturing, shoulder washers help avoid short-circuit vibrations, or misalignment in delicate equipment.

Countersunk Washers

These washers are intended to be used with countersunk holes which enable fasteners to be flush with the surface. The feature comes in handy in use for cases that require functionality as well as the visibility of the application. Countersunk washers are used in the aerospace or manufacturing industry where the surface is required to be neat and plain.

Rivet Washers

Rivet washers are used together with rivets to achieve a tight bearing while time-sharing the load being applied, simultaneously. These washers are helpful where the materials used are too thin for standard hardware. In manufacturing, you will find rivet washers in sheet metal and lightweight components that help the fastener not to mar the surface.

Nylock Washers

Nylock washers are similar in construction to topper washers. These have a nylon ring built into the flat part of the washer that creates friction and resists turning back loose from vibration. Such characteristic makes them suitable for use in machinery and equipment that experience constant mobility.

Specialized Types of Washers

Serrated Washers

Serrated washers hold a cutting edge that clamps into the surfaces so that fasteners do not come loose. They are appropriate for high-vibration uses such as automobiles, and mechanical products where security is paramount.

Wave Washers

Wave washers possess waves along their faces and they typically work under constant pressure while minimizing shock. These washers are suitable for applications that experience a varying load during any movement at all, for example, suspensions.

Tapered Washers

Tappered washers seem like cones. These often distribute pressure on the joint to counteract any slight misalignment. They’re usually applied in precise businesses such as aerospace and automotive production.

Isolation Washers

Isolation washers are typically of insulating material such as rubber, nylon, or similar that do not allow the material to pass electrical conductivity. They are used in electronic circuits and mechanical equipment where parts need insulation for safety or their optimum functioning.

Shoulder Lock Washers

Shoulder lock washers are a combination of shoulder and lock systems. They cannot be loosened while providing correct positioning.

Friction Washers

Friction washers help reduce the motion or rotation of the related component. These washers are commonly applied in gears or rotary joints in vehicles and airplane industries.

Double-Ended Washers

Double-ended washers normally keep threaded holes at both ends. These are used for spacing or locking. They are perfect where you need to maintain a fixed distance between two parts as in machinery, and construction.

What Materials Used to Make a Washer

Metal Washers

The metal washers are typically made of stainless steel, carbon steel, and alloy steel giving better clamping and distribution of loads. They do not rust and can handle high pressure. Therefore, these are extensively used in industries such as automobile, and construction industries among others. Being rugged, they can offer long-term usage in harsh zones.

Plastic Washers

These are alternatives to metal washers manufactured using nylon, polypropylene, and PVC. These are light in weight and do not corrode easily. You get to find them in electrical, plumbing systems, and light machinery. Additionally, they are comparingly affordable.

Copper Washers

Copper washers can effectively conduct heat and electricity. They do not corrode easily, and they can endear for high temperatures as well as electrical usage. So, these are optimum for heat exchangers, and electrical parts.

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Rubber Washers

Rubber washers use neoprene or nitrile materials. They provide great flexibility to absorb the shock. They form good barriers to prevent leakage in fluids and wear out in vibrating applications. Automotive, hydraulic, and plumbing industries rely on these washers.

Brass Washers

Brass washers provide high mechanical properties and wear resistance. You can apply these in projects that need to display mechanical properties and look aesthetic at the same time in fashion. For instance, in plumbing, electrical assembly, and decoration. In addition, they are resilient to corrosion making them ideal for use under extremities.

Aluminum Washers

Aluminum washers are relatively light yet durable and exhibit good strength-to-weight characteristics. These materials are perfect for aeronautical, automotive, or other high-performance engineering uses. These washers also provide the structural strength of the fastener systems, but their overall weight is comparatively low.

Silicone Washers

Silicon rubber washers can handle stressful conditions of temperature variation and offer flexibility in sealing. They are very mainly useful in situations where temperature variations are common. For example, washers are particularly effective in making reliable seals and electrical insulation under difficult conditions.

Zinc-Plated Washers

As the name implies, these washers provide a corrosion-protection layer, since zinc plating, makes it more resistant to rusting. Moreover, these are suitable for applications in high humidity or any form of exposure to moisture such as outdoors or marine applications that impact the uncoated metals.

Teflon Washers

Teflon washers combine low friction and chemical resistance with high working temperatures. These washers can handle aggressive chemicals or high-temperature systems. So, as may you see them in pharmaceutical industries or chemical processing industries. Teflon washers are ideal for long-term usability in sealing applications and electrical insulation.

Types of Washers: Size Comparison: SAE Vs. USS

When selecting a washer type, machinists often choose between two popular standards: SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and USS (United States Standard). SAE washers are generally thinner and more compact, while USS washers are thicker and larger. Below is a unique breakdown of both washer types with their respective sizes.

SAE Flat Washers

Washer Size Inside Diameter (inches) Outside Diameter (inches) Thickness (inches) #6 5/32″ 3/8″ 3/64″ #8 3/16″ 7/16″ 3/64″ #10 7/32″ 1/2″ 3/64″ 1/4 9/32″ 5/8″ 1/16″ 5/16 11/32″ 11/16″ 1/16″ 3/8 13/32″ 13/16″ 1/16″ 7/16 15/32″ 59/64″ 1/16″ 1/2 17/32″ 1-1/16″ 3/32″ 9/16 19/32″ 1-3/16″ 3/32″ 5/8 21/32″ 1-5/16″ 3/32″ 3/4 13/16″ 1-1/2″ 9/64″ 7/8 15/16″ 1-3/4″ 9/64″ 1″ 1-1/16″ 2″ 9/64″ 1-1/8 1-3/16″ 2-1/4″ 9/64″ 1-1/4 1-5/16″ 2-1/2″ 5/32″ 1-1/2 1-7/16″ 3″ 3/16″

USS Flat Washers

Washer Size Inside Diameter (inches) Outside Diameter (inches) Thickness (inches) 3/16 1/4″ 9/16″ 3/64″ 1/4 5/16″ 3/4″ 1/16″ 5/16 3/8″ 7/8″ 5/64″ 3/8 7/16″ 1″ 5/64″ 7/16 1/2″ 1-1/4″ 5/64″ 1/2 9/16″ 1-3/8″ 7/64″ 9/16 5/8″ 1-1/2″ 7/64″ 5/8 11/16″ 1-3/4″ 9/64″ 3/4 13/16″ 2″ 5/32″ 7/8 15/16″ 2-1/4″ 11/64″ 1″ 1-1/16″ 2-1/2″ 11/64″ 1-1/8 1-1/4″ 2-3/4″ 11/64″ 1-1/4 1-3/8″ 3″ 11/64″ 1-3/8 1-1/2″ 3-1/4″ 3/16″ 1-1/2 1-5/8″ 3-1/2″ 3/16″ 1-5/8 1-3/4″ 3-3/4″ 3/16″ 1-3/4 1-7/8″ 4″ 3/16″ 1-7/8 2″ 4-1/4″ 3/16″ 2″ 2-1/8″ 4-1/2″ 3/16″ 2-1/2 2-5/8″ 5″ 15/64″ 3″ 3-1/8″ 5-1/2″ 9/32″

Typical Shapes of Washers

• Spherical Shape
• Square Shape
• Shoulder Shape
• Wave Shape
• C-Shaped

Common Washers Standards You Must Know

SAE Washer Standard

The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) standard defines specifications for automotive and mechanical washers. It ensures consistency in sizes, thicknesses, and materials for reliable fastening systems.

USS Washer Standard

The USS (United States Standard) washer standard covers dimensions and thicknesses for industrial flat washers. It provides thicker washers than SAE, supporting applications that require more load-bearing capacity.

ISO Washer Standard

The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) washer standard specifies dimensions, materials, and tolerances for washers worldwide. It ensures compatibility and consistency in global manufacturing.

DIN Washer Standard

The DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) standard sets guidelines for washer sizes, materials, and tolerances.

ASME Washer Standard

The ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) standard outlines requirements for washers in mechanical and structural applications. It ensures safe, consistent fastening with specific materials, dimensions, and tolerances.

JIS Washer Standard

The JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) washer standard defines specifications for washers used in Japan. It ensures high-quality manufacturing and uniformity in washer dimensions and materials across various industries.

Contact Premium Parts To Meet Your Specific Washer Needs

At Premium Parts, we understand that every application requires a rightly machined washer for optimal performance. So, our engineers ensure the exact specifications of your project, whether you’re in the automotive, industrial, or mechanical sectors. We offer our customers custom machining options, so you get the best fit for personalized requirements.

Our teams employ high-quality materials and undergo rigorous testing to guarantee the longevity and reliability of washers. Whether you need flat washers, lock washers, or specialized designs, Premium Parts delivers the perfect washer to enhance the performance and longevity of your equipment. We pride ourselves on offering personalized service and fast delivery and ensuring your project runs smoothly from start to finish.

FWS Heavy Duty Flat Washers Steel / Stainless Steel

Product Family Stainless Steel

Standard parts made of rustproof stainless steel have been designed for use in the food sector, in the chemical industry, for aggressive ambient conditions or for outdoor use.

• corrosion-resistant
• precise fit
• environmentally friendly

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Product description

Heavy duty flat washers FWS are machined from solid bar. They are ground flat and parallel.

Specification

• SteelST
  Cold finished steel
  • Case-hardened
  • Black oxide finish

• Stainless steelNI AISI 303

RoHS

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Show filter Show Part Number Dimensions in: Inch (change to Metric) Part Number
ST - SteelPart Number
NI - Stainless steelFor screws
with thread sized2d1s L03-L03-/40.690.270.19 L03-L03-/160.810.340.19 L03-L03-/80.940.390.19 L03-L03-/21.130.530.19 L03-L03-/81.380.660.19 L03-L03-/41.630.780.25 L03-L03-/81.750.910.25 L03-L03-.002.001.030.25

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Inch

Dimensions in: Inch (change to Metric) For screws
with thread sized2d1s 1/40.690.270.19 5/160.810.340.19 3/80.940.390.19 1/21.130.530.19 5/81.380.660.19 3/41.630.780.25 7/81.750.910.25 1.002.001.030.25

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Build & Price

Screw size 1.00 1/2 1/4 3/4 3/8 5/16 5/8 7/8 Outer diameter d2 0.69 0.81 0.94 1.13 1.38 1.63 1.75 2.00 Material NI - Stainless steel
ST - Steel
Screw size 1.00 1/2 1/4 3/4 3/8 5/16 5/8 7/8 Outer diameter d2 0.69 0.81 0.94 1.13 1.38 1.63 1.75 2.00 Material NI - Stainless steel
ST - Steel

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Part Number Total (net) US$2.41 In Stock: 239 In Stock Quantity Save as Favorites Recommend a product Recipient address Your name (optional) Message (optional) Security Code

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Please note our quantity discounts (US Dollars). MinMaxPrice 199US$2.41 US$2.21 US$2.01 ≥ 500US$1.81 Prop 65: Not compliant WARNING:
Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov RoHS: Compliant This article is RoHS-compliant in application of Annex III., which means it complies with EU Directive /65/EU, including extension (/863/EU), for restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic devices. The Directive regulates the use of hazardous substances in devices and components. The implementation in national law is summarily described with RoHS(Restriction of (the use of certain) hazardous substances)). Weight: 0.018 lbs If weight is not listed, please contact our Sales Department for additional information regarding weight.
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