5 Reasons Why Your Business Needs Wrought Iron Components？

1. A Barrier to Keep Others Away From Your Property

First, a wrought iron fence creates a barrier that helps stop people from coming onto your property. The barrier isn't insurmountable, as most fences can be scaled by someone who's athletic and intent on going over them. It will, however, keep the majority of people off of your property and increase the time any nefarious individuals need to gain access to your property.Having a barrier is a primary consideration for many people who have a fence installed around their property, but not everyone considers all of the people and things a fence helps keep off of your property. A fence that surrounds your property will:

• Prevent young children from going across your lawn and damaging it
• Stop passersby from walking on your lawn and causing damage
• Slow and deter burglars who want to break into your home
• Keep dogs and many other animals off your lawn

Even something as simple as keeping unwanted dogs off your lawn justifies getting a fence, for dogs can bite when scared, dig holes in your yard or garden, and defecate on the grass.

2. A Boundary to Keep Children and Pets in Your Yard

Second, a wrought iron fence will also help keep the people and animals who do belong in your yard there. Specifically, a fence will keep pets from wandering and children from running into the street. Even if you have older children, that boundary can be life-saving if a ball suddenly goes into the road and they have an impulse to chase after it.For some breeds of dogs, having a fenced-in yard is essential. Scottish terriers, for instance, are bred to hunt. Although a Scottish terrier might be well-trained, they may take off if they see a rodent and there's no barrier that prevents them from running after it. A fence will keep them in your yard.

3. An Elegant Addition to Your Home's Aesthetic

Third, wrought iron fences are distinguished from less appealing types of fencing by their appearance.Whereas chain link fences, for example, primarily serve a functional purpose, wrought iron fences are both functional and beautiful. These fences have a classic look that goes well with any home and landscaping design, and one will be an elegant addition to your home's aesthetic.

4. A Lattice for Growing Plants

Fourth, wrought iron fences make great lattices to grow plants on. This sets these fences apart from privacy fences, which don't have any openings between the slats for stems and vines to climb up, and adding a few plants to a wrought iron fence makes it even more elegant.Moreover, there's no shortage of plants that you can grow on a wrought iron fence. All of the following plants require a lattice structure:

• Beans and peas
• Cucumbers and tomatoes
• Morning glories and American wisterias
• Climbing hydrangeas and trumpet honeysuckles

If you were planning to grow any of these, having a fence that they can climb will also help reduce your gardening costs since you won't need to purchase a separate lattice structure.

5. A Valuable Addition to Your Property

CSI Division Division 5 - Metals Section Metal Materials Last Modified

Technical Procedures Disclaimer

Prior to inclusion in GSA’s library of procedures, documents are reviewed by one or more qualified preservation specialists for general consistency with the Secretary of Interior Standards for rehabilitating historic buildings as understood at the time the procedure is added to the library. All specifications require project-specific editing and professional judgement regarding the applicability of a procedure to a particular building, project or location. References to products and suppliers are to serve as a general guideline and do not constitute a federal endorsement or determination that a product or method is the best or most current alternative, remains available, or is compliant with current environmental regulations and safety standards. The library of procedures is intended to serve as a resource, not a substitute, for specification development by a qualified preservation professional.

View Details

Rewrite

We’ve reviewed these procedures for general consistency with federal standards for rehabilitating historic buildings and provide them only as a reference. Specifications should only be applied under the guidance of a qualified preservation professional who can assess the applicability of a procedure to a particular building, project or location. References to products and suppliers serve as general guidelines and do not constitute a federal endorsement nor a determination that a product or method is the best alternative or compliant with current environmental regulations and safety standards.

References

Gayle, Margot, Look, David, and Waite, John. Metals in America’s Historic Buildings: Uses and Preservation Treatments. Washington, DC: National Park Service, .

Zahner, L. William. Architectural Metal Surfaces. New York: Wiley .

Introduction

Iron is a dark grey metal and is the major constituent of a range of materials including wrought iron, cast iron, carbonized iron (carbon steel) and steel, each of which has its own unique properties. Iron was first used as a material for tools and weapons. Its uses have since grown to include items for domestic use to architectural building components. The presence of iron in a feature may be detected with a magnet.

Wrought iron differs from cast iron and steel in that it contains less carbon. The three metals are ranked as follows in terms of their carbon content:

1. Wrought iron: Contains the smallest amount of carbon (less than .035%).

2. Steel: Contains a moderate amount of carbon (between .06% and 2%).

3. Cast Iron: Contains the largest amount of carbon (between 2% and 4%).

Characteristics of Wrought Iron

• Soft.

• Ductile.

• Magnetic.

• Strong - high elasticity and tensile strength.

• Malleable - can be heated and reheated and worked into various shapes.

• Becomes stronger the more it is worked.

• Suitable for members in tension or compression (whereas cast iron is suitable for members in compression only).

Stages of the Indirect Reduction Process for Making Wrought Iron

Stage 1: Preparation of puddled iron.

1. Pig iron was first smelted in blast furnaces and subjected to a reducing condition when it apparently ‘boiled’.

2. The boiling iron was worked continuously by the iron puddler and more impurities were removed from the iron, making the iron stiffer.

3. The iron was boiled until virtually no carbon remained, leaving a pasty mass of iron. This was evident when the carbon monoxide would stop bubbling through the iron.

4. The iron was then formed into balls to be molded.

Stage 2: Iron balls were hammered with a shingling hammer, to expel surplus slag or cinder (shingled).

1. Shingling was completed in minutes and the finished product was a bloom of approximately 5 inches x 5 inches x 3 feet.

2. The bloom, still at bright red heat, was then passed through rolling mills, becoming more elongated and thinner in section after each pass, and finished as puddled iron bar.

Stage 3: The bars were reheated and reworked as required to achieve the desired grades.

1. This stage increased the ductility and tensile strength of the puddled iron.

2. The more times the metal was reheated and reworked, the stronger were its mechanical properties.

Typical Uses

Historical uses during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were typically decorative and included:

• Fences, gates and railings.

• Balconies.

• Porches and verandas.

• Canopies.

  You will get efficient and thoughtful service from KUBIAO.

• Roof cresting.

• Lamps.

• Grilles.

• Hardware.

Historical uses during the nineteenth century were more structural and included:

• Nails.

• Iron cramps (i.e. to secure masonry veneer building frames).

• Structural members in tension such as tie rods, bulb-tees and I-beams. The standard sections of wrought iron included bar iron, angle irons, T irons, channel iron (half H iron), rolled girder iron (rolled joist iron, beam iron, I iron, or H iron), various special sections (sash bar, beading iron, cross iron, quadrant iron), iron bars, rivet iron, chain iron, horseshoe iron, nail iron, plate iron, coated iron (tin or lead), and corrugated sheet iron (generally galvanized).

Note: By the end of the nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron for structural purposes had been superseded by steel.

Problems and Deterioration

Problems may be classified into two broad categories: 1) Natural or inherent problems based on the characteristics of the material and the conditions of the exposure, and 2) Vandalism and human- induced problems.

Although there is some overlap between the two categories, the inherent material deterioration problems generally occur gradually over long periods of time, at predictable rates and require appropriate routine or preventive maintenance to control. Conversely, many human induced problems, (especially vandalism), are random in occurrence; can produce catastrophic results; are difficult to prevent, and require emergency action to mitigate. Some human induced problems, however, are predictable and occur routinely.

Natural or Inherent Problems

Chemical corrosion can attack decorative and structural wrought iron features in several ways:

1. Uniform Attack: Corrosion attacks the metal surface evenly.

2. Pitting: Attacks the metal surface in selected areas.

3. Selective Attack: When a metal is not homogenous throughout, certain areas may be attacked in preference to others.

4. Stress corrosion cracking: Attacks areas in a metal which were stressed during metal working and were later exposed to a corrosive environment. Old, hand wrought iron items are more likely to be affected than are machine rolled wrought iron pieces.

5. Rust: Probably the most common form of chemical corrosion of wrought iron. It occurs when unprotected metal is exposed to oxygen in the atmosphere in the presence of moisture. Moisture can be in the form of normal humidity, rain, dew, condensation, etc. Other gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, soot and fly ash will exacerbate the corrosion of the iron, as will airborne salts.

6. Galvanic (or Electro-Chemical) Corrosion: Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in contact with one another and an electrolyte, such as rainwater, condensation, dew, fog, etc. is present. Such a reaction will cause one or the other of the metals to corrode. In the case of wrought iron, direct contact with copper or zinc, and to a lesser extent galvanized iron or steel, will cause galvanic corrosion.

Vandalism or Human-Induced Problems

1. Mechanical or physical deterioration:

   1. Fatigue: Failure of metal that has been repeatedly stressed beyond its elastic limit.

      1. Wrought iron is generally fatigue resistant because it is so tough. It will deform considerably, within its elastic limit, without failure.

      2. Even if past overloading has caused deformation, wrought iron fixings will usually continue to function.

      3. Defects in the wrought iron itself, or stress points can cause a feature to fracture.

   2. Heat: Usually in the form of fire, will cause wrought iron features to become plastic, distort, and fail.

   3. Distortion: Permanent deformation or failure may occur when a metal is overloaded beyond its yield point because of increased live or dead loads, thermal stresses, or structural modifications altering a stress regime.

2. Connection failure:

   1. Chemical and mechanical processes can breakdown or reduce the effectiveness of structural metal fixings such as bolts, rivets, and pins.

   2. Stress failure is often a contributor to breakdown situations. Iron water traps are particularly susceptible.

Traveler reimbursement is based on the location of the work activities and not the accommodations, unless lodging is not available at the work activity, then the agency may authorize the rate where lodging is obtained.

Unless otherwise specified, the per diem locality is defined as "all locations within, or entirely surrounded by, the corporate limits of the key city, including independent entities located within those boundaries."

Per diem localities with county definitions shall include"all locations within, or entirely surrounded by, the corporate limits of the key city as well as the boundaries of the listed counties, including independent entities located within the boundaries of the key city and the listed counties (unless otherwise listed separately)."

When a military installation or Government - related facility(whether or not specifically named) is located partially within more than one city or county boundary, the applicable per diem rate for the entire installation or facility is the higher of the rates which apply to the cities and / or counties, even though part(s) of such activities may be located outside the defined per diem locality.

Are you interested in learning more about Wrought Iron Components? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!