Traditional method, slower and more laborious

In traditional construction, prior to the invention of flexible formwork, curved structures were achieved using more complex methods. A straight formwork system was used as a base, and then support elements such as arched wooden or EPS planks were added to shape the desired curves. These planks are strategically placed along the formwork and adjusted to produce the required curvature.

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While this method can be effective, it presents limitations in terms of curve accuracy and uniformity, as it is highly dependent on builders’ skill and experience in manually shaping and adjusting the planks. In addition, the process can be more laborious and time-consuming compared to the use of flexible formwork specifically designed to fit specific curves with greater precision and efficiency.

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Concrete Formwork Design Question

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Concrete Formwork Design Question

Concrete Formwork Design Question

cepe01

(Civil/Environmental)

(OP)

21 Jan 17 22:51

I have to check the following concrete formwork layout. It is to be used for walls and footings. All the studs, braces and wales are 2x4's and the sheathing is 3/4" plywood. I have checked the wales and studs for bending and the braces for compression and they seem okay but I can't figure out how to check the plywood. Is there any chance of the plywood failing? The formwork is only 5 feet high but the spacing is 3' wide.

I have been looking at the ACI formwork guide but I can't figure out what they are doing. Can someone explain to me what "Rolling Shear" is? Is there any chance of the plywood failing in shear? would this be a "blowout"?

Please see attached sketch for reference.

Incase the image doesnt work: Wale (vertical) spacing is 2.5', the stud spacing is 3'. The design does not use ties but instead 3 braces at different angles per stud.

Any help would be much appreciated!!! Thanks!

I have to check the following concrete formwork layout. It is to be used for walls and footings. All the studs, braces and wales are 2x4's and the sheathing is 3/4" plywood. I have checked the wales and studs for bending and the braces for compression and they seem okay but I can't figure out how to check the plywood. Is there any chance of the plywood failing? The formwork is only 5 feet high but the spacing is 3' wide.I have been looking at the ACI formwork guide but I can't figure out what they are doing. Can someone explain to me what "Rolling Shear" is? Is there any chance of the plywood failing in shear? would this be a "blowout"?Please see attached sketch for reference.Incase the image doesnt work: Wale (vertical) spacing is 2.5', the stud spacing is 3'. The design does not use ties but instead 3 braces at different angles per stud.Any help would be much appreciated!!! Thanks!

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

msquared48

(Structural)

22 Jan 17 00:22
If you can live with that, you should be ok. However, I always use ties and 24" max spacing with 3/4 inch ply and 2x4 walers.

I think you will be able to read the deflection of the plywood and Wales in your finished product.If you can live with that, you should be ok. However, I always use ties and 24" max spacing with 3/4 inch ply and 2x4 walers.

Mike McCann, PE, SE (WA)

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

oldestguy

(Geotechnical)

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22 Jan 17 00:34

Draw yourself a section view. Show the pressure diagram from he concrete horizontally and show the anchor point. Then compute the overturning moment rotating about the anchor point. Then show what friction there may be, acting downward on the plywood from fresh concrete resisting that over turning moment. Once it starts to rotate will that resistance change? Also once lifted up a little what is the upward force from that concrete that passes out under the form? Consider the form weight as negligible. These vertical forces or resistance from the concrete may or may not be there of significant value.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

SlideRuleEra

(Structural)

22 Jan 17 01:18

Plywood has an odd number of layers. To get best performance (shear, rolling shear, moment, deflection) orienting the face grain perpendicular to supports (wales) will align the maximum number of layers in the correct direction.

Rolling Shear: The alternating layers of wood that are glued together to form a sheet of plywood guarantee that some of those layers will be positioned in the worst possible way. In the layers that are perpendicular to the horizontal shear the fibers tend to "roll" over each other.

I have not performed any calcs on your sketch, however, the plywood is overloaded. It probably won't actually fail but the results won't be "pretty".

The success of plyform depends on the face grain direction, the concrete placement rate (vertical feet per hour), the temperature (how fast the concrete takes it's initial set).Plywood has an odd number of layers. To get best performance (shear, rolling shear, moment, deflection) orienting the face grain perpendicular to supports (wales) will align the maximum number of layers in the correct direction.Rolling Shear: The alternating layers of wood that are glued together to form a sheet of plywood guarantee that some of those layers will be positioned in the worst possible way. In the layers that are perpendicular to the horizontal shear the fibers tend to "roll" over each other.I have not performed any calcs on your sketch, however, the plywood is overloaded. It probably won't actually fail but the results won't be "pretty".

www.SlideRuleEra.net
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RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

cepe01

(Civil/Environmental)

(OP)

23 Jan 17 21:17

Thanks for the responses!

I will lower the spacing to 24".


How do I calculate the maximum moment on the wales when there is a non-uniform load? In this case the lateral pressure of the concrete. I can't figure out the load (w) is for Mmax=(wL^2)/10

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

PEinc

(Geotechnical)

23 Jan 17 21:42

SRE is correct. Get ahold of some formwork design manuals from formwork suppliers like Dayton Richmond. These manuals contain engineering info on plywood, other form lumber, form tie systems, etc.

www.PeirceEngineering.com

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

cepe01

(Civil/Environmental)

(OP)

24 Jan 17 02:04

The Dayton Richmond manual looks great! lots of good info in there. Thanks.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

PEinc

(Geotechnical)

24 Jan 17 15:33

Remember, the DR manual lists the species of wood that the info is based on. You may have different wood species, so compare the properties.

www.PeirceEngineering.com

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

steele6707

(Structural)

24 Jan 17 18:53

APA (US) has two free publications that can be downloaded. Design/Construction Guide: Concrete Forming V345 (May 2012) is for plyform and the Plywood Design Spec Y510 (1997 ?) for plywood. They both have design allowables and design examples.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

msquared48

(Structural)

24 Jan 17 19:32 ACI's SP4, "Formwork for Concrete" by M. K. Huro (ACI committee 347) also has a lot of good information. Kinda the bible for formwork design.

My copy is the fourth edition and was published in 1981 as the revised second printing.

There is probably an updated edition.

The" by M. K. Huro (ACI committee 347) also has a lot of good information. Kinda the bible for formwork design.My copy is the fourth edition and was published in 1981 as the revised second printing.There is probably an updated edition.

Mike McCann, PE, SE (WA)

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

Ingenuity

(Structural)

24 Jan 17 20:43

Quote (msquared48)

There is probably an updated edition.

8th Edition of SP4 was published in 2014.

8th Edition of SP4 was published in 2014.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

oldestguy

(Geotechnical)

24 Jan 17 21:08

"Formwork for Concrete"

https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=formwork+for+...

Seems pretty complete.

However, no design like you propose, which may indicate my warning above is correct. I hate to imagine the unholly mess when the form gives way.

This one came from Google search."Formwork for Concrete"Seems pretty complete.However, no design like you propose, which may indicate my warning above is correct. I hate to imagine the unholly mess when the form gives way.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

oldestguy

(Geotechnical)

24 Jan 17 21:17

https://bayanbox.ir/view/8146409085094173720/00716...

Here is another and your diagonal brace is shown, but only to prevent the form from wind pressure tipping.

RE: Concrete Formwork Design Question

MJB315

(Structural)

26 Jan 17 05:23

Five feet tall isn't the tallest form in the world, but you don't want your form to slide an inch into the site either.

What are you anchoring to? Keeping formwork from sliding can be a challenge.Five feet tall isn't the tallest form in the world, but you don't want your form to slide an inch into the site either.

"We shape our buildings, thereafter they shape us." -WSC

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